Ground Picture // Shutterstock Most U.S. states promise their employees pensions upon retirement, but aren’t saving enough money to be able to deliver on those promises. The fallout could threaten state budgets more broadly. In a pension plan, employees and employers both pay into a system which the employer invests in order to be able to make payouts when the employee retires. Employees’ contributions are deducted from every paycheck. But when state budgets are tight, many states put off paying the employer’s share. This leaves them with payments due to fund future pension payments. This debt tends to be a state’s largest financial liability, according to Pew, ahead of retiree health care benefits and overall debt. When the liabilities get too high, states may be forced to take money out of health care, safety, and education to meet minimum requirements for funding pension plans. Stacker examined pension liability data compiled by Pew Trusts to see which states have the highest rates of unfunded retirement benefits. The analysis shows the states that have the highest unfunded pension liabilities (for state-administered defined benefit plans), unfunded retiree health care costs, and tax-supported state debt. These figures are all expressed as a share of overall personal income in a state, excluding capital gains, to normalize the size of the liability based on the state’s potential tax income. States are ranked by the ratio of unfunded pension liabilities to income, with ties broken by the percentage point change from 2007 to 2019. Liabilities vary depending on the size of a state’s budget and population, as well as the health of the overall economy. Collectively, states’ unfunded pension benefits added up to $1.25 trillion in fiscal year 2019. That’s 6.8% of total income. Only two states, South Dakota and Wisconsin, had pension plan savings that were equal to or higher than what they owed. You may also like: Former jobs of every Supreme Court justice #50. Wisconsin Sean Pavone // Shutterstock – Unfunded pension liabilities (2019): -1.0% — Percentage point change from 2007: -1.2 – Unfunded retiree health care costs (2016): 0.5% (tied for #14 lowest) — Percentage point change from 2010: -0.2 – Debt (2020): 2.7% — Percentage point change since 2007: -1.1 #49. South Dakota Inside Creative House // Shutterstock – Unfunded pension liabilities (2019): 0.0% — Percentage point change from 2007: -0.6 – Unfunded retiree health care costs (2016): 0.0% (#3 lowest) — Percentage point change from 2010: -0.2 – Debt (2020): 0.8% — Percentage point change since 2007: +0.4 #48. Tennessee Jerome L Lawson // Shutterstock – Unfunded pension liabilities (2019): 0.2% — Percentage point change from 2007: -0.5 – Unfunded retiree health care costs (2016): 0.5% (tied for #14 lowest) — Percentage point change from 2010: -0.2 – Debt (2020): 0.5% — Percentage point change since 2007: -0.1 #47. New York Dmytro Zinkevych // Shutterstock – Unfunded pension liabilities (2019): 0.6% — Percentage point change from 2007: +1.5 – Unfunded retiree health care costs (2016): 7.7% (#7 highest) — Percentage point change from 2010: +1.7 – Debt (2020): 4.9% — Percentage point change since 2007: -0.9 #46. Washington SCStock // Shutterstock – Unfunded pension liabilities (2019): 0.8% — Percentage point change from 2007: +0.7 – Unfunded retiree health care costs (2016): 2.7% (#23 highest) — Percentage point change from 2010: 0 – Debt (2020): 3.9% — Percentage point change since 2007: -0.5 #45. Nebraska wutzkohphoto // Shutterstock – Unfunded pension liabilities (2019): 1.1% — Percentage point change from 2007: +0.1 – Unfunded retiree health care costs (2016): 0.0% (tied for #1 lowest) — Percentage point change from 2010: 0 – Debt (2020): 0.0% — Percentage point change since 2007: 0 #44. Idaho Charles Knowles // Shutterstock – Unfunded pension liabilities (2019): 1.2% — Percentage point change from 2007: +2.4 – Unfunded retiree health care costs (2016): 0.2% (tied for #9 lowest) — Percentage point change from 2010: -0.1 – Debt (2020): 1.0% — Percentage point change since 2007: -0.1 #43. Utah Sean Pavone // Shutterstock – Unfunded pension liabilities (2019): 2.0% — Percentage point change from 2007: +0.8 – Unfunded retiree health care costs (2016): 0.1% (tied for #7 lowest) — Percentage point change from 2010: -0.3 – Debt (2020): 1.7% — Percentage point change since 2007: 0 #42. North Carolina Monkey Business Images // Shutterstock – Unfunded pension liabilities (2019): 2.6% — Percentage point change from 2007: +3.4 – Unfunded retiree health care costs (2016): 7.5% (#8 highest) — Percentage point change from 2010: -2.1 – Debt (2020): 1.0% — Percentage point change since 2007: -1.5 #41. Iowa Jacob Boomsma // Shutterstock – Unfunded pension liabilities (2019): 3.7% — Percentage point change from 2007: +1.5 – Unfunded retiree health care costs (2016): 0.4% (#12 lowest) — Percentage point change from 2010: 0 – Debt (2020): 0.3% — Percentage point change since 2007: 0 #40. Delaware Sergii Gnatiuk // Shutterstock – Unfunded pension liabilities (2019): 3.9% — Percentage point change from 2007: +3.6 – Unfunded retiree health care costs (2016): 15.4% (#3 highest) — Percentage point change from 2010: -0.3 – Debt (2020): 6.1% — Percentage point change since 2007: +1.3 #39. Florida J.A. Dunbar // Shutterstock – Unfunded pension liabilities (2019): 4.0% — Percentage point change from 2007: +4.3 – Unfunded retiree health care costs (2016): 1.0% (#17 lowest) — Percentage point change from 2010: +0.3 – Debt (2020): 1.3% — Percentage point change since 2007: -1.2 #38. Oklahoma Sean Pavone // Shutterstock – Unfunded pension liabilities (2019): 4.1% — Percentage point change from 2007: -4.8 – Unfunded retiree health care costs (2016): 0.0% (tied for #1 lowest) — Percentage point change from 2010: 0 – Debt (2020): 0.7% — Percentage point change since 2007: -0.6 #37. Maine Monkey Business Images // Shutterstock – Unfunded pension liabilities (2019): 4.1% — Percentage point change from 2007: -1.5 – Unfunded retiree health care costs (2016): 3.0% (#21 highest) — Percentage point change from 2010: -1.8 – Debt (2020): 1.9% — Percentage point change since 2007: +0.2 #36. West Virginia Sean Pavone // Shutterstock – Unfunded pension liabilities (2019): 4.2% — Percentage point change from 2007: -3.7 – Unfunded retiree health care costs (2016): 4.0% (#14 highest) — Percentage point change from 2010: -7.5 – Debt (2020): 3.6% — Percentage point change since 2007: +0.1 #35. Indiana Prostock-studio // Shutterstock – Unfunded pension liabilities (2019): 4.3% — Percentage point change from 2007: -0.6 – Unfunded retiree health care costs (2016): 0.1% (#7 lowest) — Percentage point change from 2010: -0.1 – Debt (2020): 0.4% — Percentage point change since 2007: -0.9 #34. Minnesota photo.ua // Shutterstock – Unfunded pension liabilities (2019): 4.6% — Percentage point change from 2007: +0.5 – Unfunded retiree health care costs (2016): 0.3% (#11 lowest) — Percentage point change from 2010: -0.2 – Debt (2020): 2.3% — Percentage point change since 2007: +0.2 #33. Virginia John S. Quinn // Shutterstock – Unfunded pension liabilities (2019): 4.7% — Percentage point change from 2007: +1.5 – Unfunded retiree health care costs (2016): 1.2% (#21 lowest) — Percentage point change from 2010: -0.2 – Debt (2020): 2.8% — Percentage point change since 2007: +1.1 #32. Georgia
States with the most unfunded retirement benefits
